Codebook for ""Socialization, Self-Selection, and the Life Experiences of World Leaders: Why Business Experience Influences Defense Spending," The Journal of Politics, forthcoming

This file describes the variables in the dataset "BEM-JOP-FINAL."

ccode: COW numeric country code
year: year
leadername: leader name
defspend: defense spending
dspendpct: defense spending per capita
defspend_ch: change in defense spending
dspendpct_ch: change in defense spending per capita (percent)                                      
business: pre-office business experience
econ_finance: pre-office economics and finance experience
rgdpe: economic capacity
lnrgdpe: economic capacity (ln)
growth: economic growth}
cpg_sw2014: government ideology
war: war
law: law experience
militarycareer: military career
nato: NATO member
business_add_~e: business experience (borderline cases added)
econ_finance_~e: economics and finance experience (borderline cases added)
business_nost~e: business experience (excluding state-owned)                                        
business_excl~l: business experience (excluding lower-level)
rgdpo: output-side real GDP at chained PPPs (in mil. 2011US)
expenditures_~l: total expenditures (2011 USD)}
expenditures_~n: total expenditures (million 2011 USD)
expenditur~2014: total expenditures (million 2014  USD)
nondefspend: nondefense spending
nondefspend_ch: change in nondefense spending
defspend_usa: usa defense spending
defspend_ch_usa: change in usa defense spending
diff_us: difference between country and USA spending
polconiii: political constraints
polityfrompol~y: polity score
polcon_abvmean: political constraints above sample mean
polcon_blwmean: political constraints below sample mean
cpg_mf: government ideology (with imputations)
mids_per_yr: number of military disputes per year
business_econ~e: business, economics or finance experience
econ_finance_~z: economics and finance experience  (no business)                                  
economist: economist
finance: finance
post_business: leader has post-office business experience
lenient_post_~s: post_business with more lenient coding
post_business~t: post_business including consultants
nobiz: No pre- or post-office business experience
postbizonly: only post-office business experience
nobiz_alt: No pre- or post-office business experience (lenient)
postbizonly_alt: only post-office business experience - more lenient coding
nobiz_consult~t: No pre- or post-office business experience - including consultants
postbizonly_c~t: include consultants as post-office business experience
low_business: Low-level business experience only
business_low: low-level business experience from LEAD
nobiz_low: no low-level business experience
postbizonly_low: only low-level post-office business experience
post_cw: post-cold war
business_nobod: same as business but excluding board of directors service
postbiz_nobod: post-office business experience excluding board of directors service
nobiz_nobod: no business experience with board of directors service excluded
postbizonly_n~d: only post-office business experience with  board of directors service excluded
dstrend_3: three-year defense spending trend
dstrend_5: five-year defense spending trend
turnover: leadership turnover
new_business: new business leader

The following variables are from the LEAD dataset:

idacr: COW alpha country code
leaderid: LEAD Leader ID
leadid29: Archigos Leader ID
leaderarchigos: Archigos Leader Name
sdarchigos: Archigos Start Date
startdate: LEAD Start Date
inday: Leader Entry Day
inmonth: Leader Entry Month
inyear: Entry Year
startyearlyobs: LEAD Yearly Start Date
edarchigos: Archigos Exit Date
enddate: LEAD Exit Date
outday: Leader Exit Day
outmonth: Leader Exit Month
endyearlyobs: LEAD Yearly Exit Date
yearlyduration: Yearly Days in Office
officetenu~1000: Office Tenure (days)/1000
milservice: Military Service, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
milnoncombat: Military Service, No Combat
combat: Military Service, Combat, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
warwin: National War Participation = Victory, 1 =Yes, 0 = No
warloss: National War Participation = Loss, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
rebel: Prior Rebel Participation, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
rebelwin: Rebel War Participation = Victory, 1 =  Yes, 0 = No
rebelloss: Rebel War Participation = Loss, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
teacher: Occupation: Teacher, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
journalism: Occupation: Journalism, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
medicine: Occupation: Medicine, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
religion: Occupation: Religion, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
activist: Occupation: Activist, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
careerpolitic~n: Occupation: Career Politician, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
creative: Occupation: Creative, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
business_LEAD: Occupation: Business, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
aristocratlan~r: Occupation: Aristocrat/Landowner, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
police: Occupation: Police, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
interpreter: Occupation: Interpreter, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
bluecollar: Occupation: Blue Collar, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
scienceeng: Occupation: Science/Engineering, 1 = Yes,   0 = No
married: Married (Ever), 1 = Yes, 0 = No
marriedinpower: Married in Power, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
divorced: Divorced (Ever), 1 = Yes, 0 = No
totalspouses: Number Of Spouses (Count)
childtotal: Total number of children
parstability: Parental Status, 0 = Together, 1 =Divorced
orphanbinary: Orphan, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
illegit: Considered "Illegitimate" Child, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
royalty: Royalty, 1 = Yes, 0 = No
cwinit: MID Initiation:  cc1 initiated a MID vs. cc2 in year (0=no, 1=yes), cow data
irregular: Irregular Entry Into Office: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
lastwarloss: Last National Loss = Win: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
lastwardraw: Last National Draw = Win: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
lastwarwin: Last National War = Win: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
leaderpeaceye~s: years without leader MID initation
leaderpeaceye~2: years without leader MID initation ^2
leaderpeaceye~3: years without leader MID initation ^3
yearssincemid~t: Years since country MID initiation
y2: Years since country MID initiation ^2
y3: Years since country MID initiation ^3
fiveyearchall~g: Country faced MID initiation in prior five years: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
dem: Democracy: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
aut: Autocracy: 1 = Yes, 0 = No
tau_lead: Tau B With System Leader
syscon: Concentration of Power (System Level)
cinc: National Material Capabilities (COW)
force2dv: Conflict Initiation Where Both Sides Use Force
noncountryfor~s: years without country force initation
noncountryfor~2: years without country force initation ^2
noncountryfor~3: years without country force initation ^3

These variables are from the Technocratic and Education Dataset:

fln_leader: Leader name
fln_field: Technocratic field
fln_businessman: Businessman/woman
fln_econjob: Finance minister or central banker
outyear: outyear
age: age
gender: gender
leveledu: leveledu
edu_dummy: edu_dummy
